Object Number: VRM2939

Dimensions: 88.9 x 43.2 cm

Material: Black Basalt

Find Location: Godagari, Rajshahi District, Bangladesh

Date: 12th Century CE

In the trinity of major deities – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva - Brahma is identified as the creator of the universe, the earth and all the beings that inhabit it. Brahma’s heads reflect his embodiment of the universe, the four compass directions and the four-fold division of society into varnas, the traditional social classes of South Asia.

Each face is depicted with a pointed beard and with hair braided upwards. Wearing jewellery, and a sacred thread over the left shoulder and chest, Brahma is also depicted with four arms. When not broken, as unfortunately in this case, the deity would hold a rosary, ladle, sacrificial spoon and water container.  

Seated on a lotus pedestal in lalitasana, or royal position, he has one leg tucked in and the other resting down. A swan, or Hamsa, is carved prominently below, and represents Brahma’s vehicle. Connected to purity and wisdom, Hamsa could separate milk from a mixture of milk and water, enabling it to define good from evil and guide Brahma during creation.  

Depictions of Brahma are rare in the past, however in the 12th century CE, members of the incoming Sena dynasty appear to have favoured devotion to Brahma. This may have enabled them to project their political and social authority over newly acquired lands, as well as justifying a stricter implementation of the caste system, through clear adherence to Brahma’s cosmic order.